A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a standardized address used to locate and access resources on the World Wide Web. It is the web address that specifies the location of a web page, file, or any other resource on the internet. A URL provides the necessary information for a web browser to retrieve the desired resource. Here's an overview of the components and structure of a URL:
Protocol: The protocol is the beginning of a URL and indicates the method or protocol used to access the resource. The most common protocol is "http://" (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for standard web pages. Other protocols include "https://" (HTTP Secure), "ftp://" (File Transfer Protocol), "mailto://" (email address), and more.
Domain Name: The domain name identifies the specific website or server where the resource is hosted. It typically consists of two or more parts separated by dots. For example, in the URL "https://www.example.com," the domain name is "example.com." The rightmost part is the top-level domain (TLD), such as ".com," ".org," or country-specific codes like ".uk" or ".ca."
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Subdomain: A subdomain is an optional part of a URL that appears before the domain name. It can be used to indicate a specific section or subdivision within a website. For example, in "https://blog.example.com," "blog" is a subdomain indicating the blog section of the website.
Path: The path refers to the specific file or directory on the server that contains the resource. It comes after the domain name and is separated by slashes ("/"). For example, in "https://www.example.com/blog/post.html," "/blog/post.html" is the path to a specific blog post.
Query Parameters: Query parameters provide additional information to the server about the requested resource. They appear after a question mark ("?") in the URL and are separated by ampersands ("&"). Each parameter consists of a key-value pair. For example, in "https://www.example.com/search?q=keyword," the query parameter "q=keyword" indicates a search query for the keyword "keyword."
Fragment Identifier: The fragment identifier is an optional part of a URL that refers to a specific section or anchor within a webpage. It is indicated by a hash symbol ("#") followed by a name or identifier. For example, in "https://www.example.com/page.html#section1," "#section1" refers to a specific section on the page.
URLs provide a standardized way to locate and access resources on the web. They are used in web browsers, hyperlinks, search engines, and various web-based applications.
References
- Mozilla Developer Network (MDN): URL - Web APIs: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL
- WhatIs.com: URL (Uniform Resource Locator): https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/URL-uniform-resource-locator
- W3Schools: URL - Uniform Resource Locator: https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_url.asp
- Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3
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